Under the additional assumption that the errors are normally distributed, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is the maximum likelihood estimator. In this paper, we propose, for a simple regression, an estimation method alternative to the OLS method based on a so-called Gaussian membership function, one that checks the validity of the verbal explanation suggested by the observer. The fuzzy estimation approach demonstrated here is based on a suitable framework for a natural behavior observed in nature. An application based on a group of MENA countries in 2015 is presented to estimate the employment poverty relationship.

Evaluating the cutting rate (CR) of stones is important in the cost estimation and the planning of the stone processing plants. This research used regression models to estimate the stones’ CR based on their physico-mechanical characteristics. Stone processing factories in Mahallat City (Markazi province, Iran) were visited, and the CR of diamond circular saws was recorded on six different travertine stones. Next, the stone block samples were collected from the quarries for laboratory tests. Stones’ porosity (n), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Schmidt hammer hardness (SH) were determined in the laboratory as their physico-mechanical characteristics. Correlation relationships of CR with physico-mechanical characteristics were evaluated using simple and multiple regression analyses, and estimator models were developed. Results showed that multiple regression models are more reliable than simple regression for estimating the stones’ CR. The validity of the developed multiple regression models was verified with the published data of one researcher. The findings indicated that these models are accurate enough for estimating the CR of stones. Consequently, the multiple regression models provide practical advantages for estimating the CR and save time and cost during the planning and design of the stone processing factories.

Usually, the traditional estimation methods is used to estimate Parameters of the linear regression model, such as least-squared error method. Sometimes the researcher has information about the unknown intercept parameter as a guess that is called as non-sample prior information. In this article, a preliminary test estimator for the intercept parameter of the simple linear regression according to the non-sample prior information is introduced and the value of its risk function under the reflected normal loss function is investigated. Also, the behavior of shrinkage pretest estimator is compared with respect to the least-squares estimator using a simulation. The intervals where the shrinkage pretest estimator has the least risk compared to the least-squares estimator presented. The results show that the shrinkage pretest estimator outperforms the least-squares estimator when non-sample prior information is close to the real value. Also, the optimum value of the significant level of test is determined using max-min method. Then, proposed estimators are compared using a real data set.

Abstract Access to information is a fundamental element in research and production of science process, as well as one of the metrics of development. So, the awareness and use of communicational and informational networks, as well as their related technologies could be really necessary. In this connection, internet, web and related techniques, such as RSS (Really Simple Syndication, Rich Site Summary, or RDF Site Summary) is one of these technologies which appeared on many websites, weblogs and databases, in recent years and became the most expanded and suitable tool for making awareness. Obviously, this technology allows the librarians and information scientists to find access to the existential information on websites, weblogs and databases, in order to improve their commercial, economical, educational, research, social and cultural relations. More over, using this technology can make users to access to their information by themselves, and to fulfill their informational needs. This technology through its own language programming can show the latest information and become up to date by adding new information. RSS is a simple and quick method for current awareness, new book list, reference services, education and communication with users, which should not be ignored by librarian in libraries and information centers.Therefore, we tried first to give a definition of RSS feed as well as to present its advantages for application; then we try divide RSS readers into two main groups; web based and special software based, with some examples of each group. At the end, we suggest that for better understanding and also for providing appropriate and suitable information services for users, this technique (RSS Feed) and its facilities should not be ignored by librarians in the libraries and information centers.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and survival in patients with RCC treated with non-hilar clamping simple enucleation. Methods: In this case series study, all patients in Hashemi Nejad Hospital in Tehran undergone non-hilar clamping simple enucleation surgery in the years 1383 to 1393 by RCC T1 enrolled the study. Exclusion criteria included the presence of multi-focal RCC, synchronous mass in patients, the existence of positive lymph nodes before or during surgery and radical nephrectomy due to past RCC. 134 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy in tumors T1 (T1a, T1b) studied, 9 patients has not completed the follow up and 10 patients had oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma excluded the study. 115 patients with RCC pathology who undergone non-hilar clamping Simple Enucleation were examined. Results: In this case series study, 115 patients with pathologically confirmed RCC were evaluated on the basis that 70patients were male and 45 were female. Patients have ranged in age from 20 to 75 years old and 51. 28 year. Average figure of 97% progression free survival at three-year and five-year study was 89%. Also three-year study of cancer specific survival at five years was 100% and 95% respectively. Patients who have relapsed 2 female and 2 were male. The recurrence was not significantly associated with gender (p= 0. 511). Also 2 patients had recurrence of the left kidney and 2 were all right and there was no statistically significant difference (p= 0. 643). Every 4 patients recurrent disease have T1b the difference was significant (p= 0. 026). Also patients had recurrence of grade 2 to grade 1 patients have high grade recurrence was observed (p<0. 001). No significant difference was found between GFR before and 3 months after surgery (p= 0. 802) and a biopsy of the tumor bed margins were negative in all cases. Conclusion: Non-clamping SE in patients with T1 renal masses is similar to partial nephrectomy is onchologic results. In this study, recurrence was higher in patients with T1b tumors that appear in determining treatment and close follow-up T1 b should be more comprehensive criteria. Non clamping SE preserving kidney function is a good choice in the treatment of T1 tumors. Non clamping SE more complications following surgery and that could be more widely used.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Modeling is one of the most fundamental methods of denoting statistical variables which by using it, we can found distribution of noted response variable. For analysis data same as length of hospital stay (LOS), we have not data normality and error variances homogeneity, so, we can use nonparametric methods or distribution correction likes logarithmic transferring for using parametric methods. According to experiences in this situation, considering mixture distributions approximately can improve goodness- of- fit distribution. The goal of this study was to introduce mixture Poisson modeling and using mixture Poisson regression models for explaining duration of patient hospitalization in hospital and gaining effective factors on this time of duration and also comparing these models with common regression models in these data.METHODS: After interdicting mixture Poisson modeling and its regression, we applied these models for modeling LOS in two wards in Arak Vali-e-Asr hospital. Variables of age, marriage status, birth location and living location as independent variables and duration of hospitalization in hospital as countable response variable were considered and LOS was considered as response variable for application these models.FINDINGS: The findings have show that in base Log-likelihood value and more dispersion LOS data in the surgical ward mixture Poisson model was a suitable for explain LOS with the other variables and in internal ward the variation of hospitalization time is not great, so this model cannot describe this variable explanation.CONCLUSION: By consideration Log-likelihood value and variation of LOS in surgical ward, the Poisson mixture model is a good model for describing this variable. By using general models, the Log-likelihood value is more than mixture Poisson modeling and there are less significant factors in models. Application of these models in cases which the countable response variable has great variation, is recommended.

In geophysical exploration, inversion is carried out on the observed data to generate a geophysical model, approximating the subsurface geological structure. In the interpretation of magnetic data, the subsurface model parameters are found by a proper inversion scheme. Hence, it will be possible to obtain the entire parameters of any features (e. g. Dike) including depth, width, and location. In this paper, theoretical and field studies were carried out to interpret the total components of magnetic anomalies of dikes at the finite depth. Moreover, a least-squares approach was used for depth determination using anomalous magnetic data. Potential field data inversion can be achieved through many optimization techniques. This study, however, it is attempted to develop an efficient two-dimensional (2D) inversion algorithm based on the Ridge Regression routine. The developed method was programmed using Matlab software and applied to three sets of synthetic magnetic data containing different percent of random noise to find out how good the results are. It was found that the proposed 2D inversion method can produce an accurate subsurface model that precisely explains the synthetic data in each case of data inversion. Finally, the method was applied to the real total magnetic field (TMF) data of Moghan Sedimentary basin. In that case, the estimated sedimentary basement depths were found to be in good agreement with that of the seismic data acquired before.